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Conservation Resources 
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OBTAINING AND "WORKING- 



FOREIGN PATENTS. 



1 



Synopsis of the Patent Laws of 
various countries. 



| ] ■; ;l S I f I-" ! > 

33 



KNIGHT BROTHERS 



5 SOLICITORS OF PATENTS, 



u 



§ Washing-ton, 

£ New York, 

£ Cincinnati, 

St. Louis. 



Agencies at Ottawa, London, Paris, Brussels, 

Berlin, Vienna, St. Petersburg, and 

other Foreign Capitals. 



7^ 



INDEX. \^° 



PAGE 

ALSACE-LORRAINE 1° 

ANHALT, (German States) " 

ARGENTINE REPUBLIC *{ 

AUSTRIA and HUNGARY « 

BADEN |" 

BAVARIA ■ ' ' ' t 

BELGIUM ° 

BRAZIL *? 

BRITISH GUIANA . «> 

BRUNSWICK, (German States) -4 

CANADA * 

CAPE OF GOOD HOPE « 

CEYLON lj[ 

CHILI * ic 

COLOMBIA \* 

CUBA x g 

DENMARK j{ 

ENGLAND, (Great Britain) *> 

FINLAND J 

FRANCE | 

GREAT BRITAIN _* 

GUATEMALA j] 

HESSE-DARMSTADT, (German States) II 

HOLLAND ■ }» 

HONDURAS lb . 

HUNGARY, (Austria and Hungary) "« 

INDIA v i 

ITALY _° 

JAMAICA 1* 

JAPAN !;° 

LIPPE-DETMOLD, (German States) II 

LIPPE-SCHAUMBURG, " " }} 

MANAGUA . .'".""' • • • • }l 

MAURITIUS J* 

MEXICO Jjj 

NATAL . . 13 

NEW SOUTH WALES « 

NEW ZEALAND 1* 

NORWAY ? 

OLDENBURG, (German States) 11 

PERU lg 

PHILLIPP1NE ISLANDS 17 

POLAND, (Russia) j> 

PORTUGAL 1° 

PRUSSIA 7 

PUERTO RICO 17 

QUEENSLAND ♦ . . 14 

REUSS-GREIZ, (German States) 11 

REUSS-SCHLEIZ, " " .11 

RUSSIA '5 

SAN JOSE 17 

SAN SALVADOR I 8 

SAXE-ALTENBURG, (German States) 11 

SAXE-COBURG-GOTHA, " " H 

SAXE-MEININGEN " " U 

SAXE-WEIMER " " H 

SAXONY 11 

SCHWARTZBURG-RUDOLSTADT, (German States) ... 11 

SCHWARTZBURG-SONDERHAUSEN, " " - . . 11 

SOUTH AUSTRALIA 14 

SPAIN _. . . 9 

STRAITS SETTLEMENTS . "' 12 

SWEDEN ... 9 

SWITZERLAND 10 

TASMANIA ..-. . . . 14 

TRINIDAD 15 

TURKEY 12 

VENEZUELA 18 

VICTORIA ............... 18 

WALDECK, (German States) 11 

WURTEMBERG .... 11 



jtosp |itnt$ 



^* 



— «e*~» 

It may be stated, as a general rule, that any 
invention possessing* practical merit maybe made 
very profitable if patented abroad ; in many in- 
stances even more so than in the United States. 

The folio wing quotation from the Anglo- Ameri- 
can Times, a reliable and well-known journal, 
published in London, gives an idea of the value 
of American inventions when patented in Eu- 
rope : 

u The American origin of an invention is now 
a recommendation in Europe, where many of 
these inventions are in successful operation, and 
large fortunes have been realized by their intro- 
duction . Improvements relating to some manu- 
factures are of great value in this kingdom. Mr. 
Bessemer derives an annual income of about 
$2,000,000 from his British steel patents and the 
patentee of a device for dressing millstones by a 
revolving diamond, has realized over $1,000,000 
the first year of his patent. The use of a dia- 
mond for this purpose is an American invention, 
and the estimated value of the exclusive right in 
England, for ten years, is $5,000,000. British 
patents, as a rule, are the most valuable, but many 
inventions are equally profitable in other parts 
of Europe, and some are peculiarly adapted to 
continental wants and customs." 

In foreign countries, as in our own, the value 
and profit of a patent depend largely on ex- 
ertions used to introduce the invention to the 
notice of the public. 

Patents in the United States, Canada, Eng- 
land, France, and Belgium secure to an inventor 
the exclusive monopoly of his invention among 
nearly one hundred and fifty millions of people, 
as intelligent as any in the world. 



It is hoped that ere long the enactment of a gen- 
eral and liberal patent law for the whole of Ger- 
many may enable an inventor to obtain by one 
patent protection throughout that great empire 
comprising nearly fifty millions of people who 
are taking a front rank in enterprise, edu- 
cation, and manufactures. 

Having our own agencies in most of the im- 
portant capitals of Europe as well as at the seats 
of government in the Dominion of Canada and 
other British Colonies, we are enabled thereby, 
and through other arrangements elsewhere, to 
attend to all matters pertaining to foreign appli- 
cations in every country where patents are ob- 
tainable, in a prompt and thorough manner. 

In most foreign countries patents can be ob- 
tained with claims more broad and comprehen- 
sive than in the United States, and distinct or 
separate inventions which, under the United 
States law and practice, require to be covered by 
two or more patents, can sometimes be united 
under a single patent in a foreign country. 

In most foreign countries the patent becomes 
void on the expiration of a patent previously ob- 
tained elsewhere. 

It is our aim to protect our clients against 
needless expenditure, and in all cases to secure 
as broad and comprehensive claims as possible. 

Our long and extensive experience in connec- 
tion with foreign patents, and our intimate ac- 
quaintance with the patent laws and practice of 
those foreign countries where patents are 
granted, enable us to advise patentees or intend- 
ing applicants as to the best course for them to 
pursue. 

We also undertake the working or introduc- 
duction and sale of foreign patents when desired. 
In most countries, excepting the United States 
and Great Britain, a patent becomes invalid if 
not worked within a limited period. 

The fees named in this pamphlet are payable 



3 

in advance in gold, or its equivalent in currency, 
and are intended to apply to inventions which 
do not involve more than average labor in pre- 
paring the specification. Where the specifica- 
tion is of unusual length and the drawings ex- 
cessivety heav}^ a moderate additional fee will 
be charged therefor. 

All communications strictly confidential. 

Keliable services at moderate rates. 

Canada. 

The proximity of Canada to the United States, 
and the intimate commercial relations between 
the two countries, render Canadian patents very 
desirable to American inventors. 

Patents are granted to the inventor, his as- 
signees, executors, or administrators, for either 
5, 10 or 15 } r ears. A patent obtained for either 
of the short terms may be extended by the pay- 
ment of the additional Government- fee. Appli- 
cation must be made within 12 months after ob- 
taining a patent elsewhere. The invention 
must not have been in use or on sale in Canada 
with inventor's knowledge for 12 months pre- 
vious to application for patent. The manufac- 
ture of the patented article must be commenced 
in Canada within 2 years of the grant of patent, 
and such manufacture must be continuously car- 
ried on. Articles may not be imported. A 
model not exceeding 18 inches in length is 
required. 

Cost of patent, including agency fee, is as fol- 
lows : 

5 years $70 

10 " 90 

15 " 110 

Or eat Britain. 

As England occupies the foremost position in 
manufactures, mineral resources, 



wealth and the exportation of the products of 
her industry to all parts of the globe, this may 
properly be regarded as the most important 
country in the world in which to protect useful 
inventions. 

Patents are granted to either the inventor, his 
executor or administrator, or to the first im- 
porter. The grant covers the whole of England, 
Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and the Channel 
Islands, and is made for 14 years, subject to the 
payment of a tax before the expiration of the 
3d and 7th years, respectively. The term of the 
patent commences on the day of application, 
which is therefore the elate of the letters patent. 

Cost, including agency charges, $250, in ad- 
vance, or $100 in advance and $200 additional 
in three and a half months. 

France. 

Suitable inventions when protected in this 
country often prove of considerable value. 

Patents are granted to either the inventor, his 
assignee or representative. Patents are granted 
for 15 years, and extend to all the French pos- 
sessions. Improvements on an original inven- 
tion can be protected by a "patent of addition." 
This privilege is restricted to the inventor during 
the first year. The patent must be worked 
within two years of its date, under pain of for- 
feiture, and the working must not be wholly 
discontinued for any two years subsequently. 
Patented articles* may not be imported, but a 
sample to be employed in fulfilling the condi- 
tions of the law as to working may be intro- 
duced on obtaining the proper authorization of 
the Minister of Agriculture. 

An annual tax has to be paid on each patent. 
Patents of addition are not subject to any tax. 

Assignments cannot be recorded until the an- 
nuities for the whole term are paid. The prac- 
tice, however, is to have the assignments prop- 



erly executed, witnessed, and certified and held 
by the owner without registration. 
The cost of a French patent, including' 
agency fee, is $100 

Belgium. 

Belgium affords a good field for the introduc- 
tion of a really meritorious invention. It is the 
most densely peopled country in Europe. The 
intelligence, industry and mechanical skill of the 
people, the low cost of labor, and the great min- 
eral resources of the country, give it unsur- 
passed advantages in manufactures, which are 
produced to a great extent for purposes of ex- 
portation. Patents are granted to the inventor, 
his assignee, attorney, or legal representative, 
provided the invention has not been commer- 
cially worked before his application. The term 
granted is 20 years, to expire with that prior for- 
eign patent granted for the longest term. The pat- 
ent must be worked within one year of its being 
commercially worked elsewhere ; the working, 
moreover, should not be abandoned for the space 
of any one year afterwards. There is a small 
and gradually increasing tax payable on each 
original patent. Patents of improvement, on 
which there is no tax, are obtainable as in 
France. Assignments of the whole or any part 
of the patent-right may be recorded at any 
time. 
The cost of obtaining a Belgian patent, 

including agency charges, is $70 

Russia. 

Patents granted in the Russian Empire are of 
great value, and if properly managed a large re- 
turn may confidently be expected therefrom. 
The protection afforded bj T the law is most com- 
plete. Manufactures having greatly improved 
within the past few years, a large field is open 
for the introduction of new inventions. Patents, 



especially such as relate to railways, agriculture, 
iron and steel manufactures and labor-saving 
machinery, find a ready market. The invention 
undergoes a thorough examination as to novelty 
and utility. The patent extends also to Poland. 
Patents are granted to the inventor or his assig- 
nee or to mere importers, the former having the 
best protection. Patents of invention are 
granted for either 3, 5 or 10 years. Patents of 
importation from 1 to 6 years. The term de- 
sired must be stated on application, as no 
prolongation is obtainable after the patent issues. 
While the application is pending it may be 
changed from a shorter to a longer term, if ap- 
plication is made and the balance of fees paid 
before issue of patent. Patents are seldom issued 
in less than one year from date of application, 
and sometimes the delay is even greater ; the 
protection, however, commences at the time of 
making application, although the term of the 
grant does not commence until the patent issues. 
While an application is pending, additions may 
be made to the specification by the payment of 
an additional fee. During the continuance of a 
patent, the owner thereof has exclusive right to 
any improvements made thereon. The inven- 
tion must be worked within one-fourth of the 
term for which the patent is granted. Caveats 
may be lodged in order to secure priority, but 
the application for patent must be filed within 
three months thereafter. 

The cost of a Kussian patent of invention, in- 
cluding agency charges, is as follows: 

3 years $230 

5 " 275 

10 " 500 

Finland. 

There is no actual patent law in Finland, but 
patents are granted by the Senate to inventors 
only. The invention is examined as to novelty and 



7 

utility. The duration of a patent and the gov- 
ernment tax thereon are fixed on grant, and de- 
pend upon the state of the art at the time. The 
utmost duration is 15 years. The time for work- 
ing is fixed on grant of patent. 
Cost uncertain — varying from $360 to $500 

Prussia. 

It is difficult to obtain patents in Prussia, but 
when obtained they are very valuable. The 
manufactures of Prussia are now very extensive 
and are constantly increasing. The patent grant 
embraces the whole of Old Prussia, together 
with Frankfort, Hamburg, Hanover, Hesse 
Cassel, Hesse Homburg, Nassau, and Schieswig 
Holstein. The utmost limit of term is 15 years, 
but a patent is seldom obtainable for more than 
5 years, and a shorter limit is often arbitrarily 
fixed by the Government. An extension of the 
term ma}' be obtained for good cause. There is 
a strict examination as to novelty and utility. 
The decision under this examination is often ar- 
bitrary and illiberal, rendering the services of 
competent counsel essential to the success of the 
application. A model is sometimes required. The 
invention must be worked within six months, 
although sometimes this time may be extended 
to one year. 

As applications for Letters Patent in Prussia, 
are more often refused than granted, w y e have so 
arranged our charges that they will be chiefly 
contingent on success. 

Cost of application, (in advance) $100 

Additional fee payable on the grant of 

a patent, for 5 years or under 100 

Further fee for any term beyond 5 

years 100 

Austria and Hungary. 

This Empire which is now permanently sep- 
arated from Germany, presents an unlimited 



8 

field for the introduction of some classes of new 
inventions. 

Patents are granted to the inventor or his 
assignees only, and not to mere importers. The 
limit of the grant is 15 years, but a shorter term 
may be obtained, which is prolongable yearly or 
otherwise up to the longest term. In special 
cases the term may be still further prolonged by 
the Emperor 

The protection afforded by these Letters Pat- 
ent extends over the whole of Austria and Hun- 
gary, but although two patents are issued, only 
one set of fees is charged. The patent must be 
worked within 1 year from the date of issue ; this 
term may however be prolonged for an additional 
year, the working must not entirely cease for any 
2 consecutive years. 
The entire cost of patent for 5 years, 

including agency, fee is $150 

Italy. 

This country, being now united, is increasing 
yearly in population, wealth, commerce and 
manufactures. 

Patents are granted for 15 years to the inven- 
tor or his representatives. The privilege extends 
to all provinces annexed to Italy. If taken for 
less than 15 years, the patent may be prolonged 
by small annual payments. Patents of addition, 
on which there is no tax, are granted for im- 
provements on original inventions. There are 
two kinds of taxes payable in this country, viz : 
proportional and annual. The former must be 
paid in full on application, for the term desired. 
Patents obtained for 5 years or less must be 
worked within 1 year; those for longer periods 
may be worked within 2 years ; the working 
must not cease for 1 year afterwards. 
The cost of a patent for 6 years in- 
cluding agency fee and first annuity, is... $130 



Sweden. 

Patents are granted to inventors only, for a 
term not exceeding 15 years. 

Invention must be worked within the time 
specified in Letters Patent, usually 1 or 2 years, 
and proof furnished yearly of continued working. 
Cost of patent for 10 years, including 

agency fee, is $150 

Norway. 

Patents are granted to inventors for a term 
not exceeding l0 years. The invention must be 
put in practical use within 2 years of date of pat- 
ent. 

Cost of patent, including agency fee $125 

• 
Denmark. 

Patents are granted by Royal Decree. The 
invention is examined by experts as to novelty 
and utility, who also decide as to the term for 
which protection shall be granted, which usually 
is from 3 to 5 years, although important inven- 
tions may be protected for 10 and sometimes 15 
years. Patents to foreigners are limited to 5 
years, Inventions must be worked within one 
year, and the working not discontinued for any 
subsequent year. 
Cost of 5 years patent, including agency 

fee ; $125 

Spain. 

Patents are granted to inventors for 5, 10, 
or 1.5 years. Those granted for 5 years may- 
be prolonged. Those originally obtained for 10 
years cannot be prolonged. Patents are 
granted to mere importers for 5 years only. 
Patent must be worked within 1 year, and not 
discontinued for 1 year thereafter. 
Cost of 10 years patent, including agency 

fee, $320 



10 

Portugal. 

Patents are granted to inventors for not ex- 
ceeding 15 years. Patents to mere importers 
are limited to 5 years. The inventor has the sole 
right of patenting improvements during the 1st 
year of term ; subsequently any one may do so. 
Patent must be worked within half of term 
granted. 
Cost of patent for 10 years, including 

agency fee $240 

Holland. 

The Dutch Government has abolished the 
grant of patents. 

Switzerland. 

There is some prospect of the enactment of a 
law for the grant of patents m the Swiss Con- 
federation. At present they are not obtainable. 

Alsace-Lorraine. 

Patents are granted for 15 years. The law. 
relating to French Patents also applies to those 
granted in this state. There is a small annual 
tax. Invention must be worked within 2 years 
of date of patent, and working not omitted for 
any 2 years subsequently. 
Cost of patent, including first annuity 

and agency fee , $100 

Baden. 

Patents are granted for 3 years to inventors 
or introducers. The working term is seldom 
limited. 
Cost of patent, including agency fee $90 

Bavaria. 

Patents are granted for 15 years to inventors 
or introducers. If obtained for a less term thev 



11 

may be prolonged. Invention must be worked 
within 1 year, and working not interrrupted for 
any 2 years subsequently. 
Cost of 5 years patent, including agency 
fee 6125 

Saxony. 

Inventors may obtain patents for term of 5 
years, which is prolongable for another 5 years. 
Patent is issued in the name of a Saxon, who 
holds same in trust for the inventor. Invention 
must be worked within 1 year of grant of pat- 
ent ; in very exceptional cases this time may be 
prolonged for 1 year longer, but the working 
should not be discontinued for any 1 year after 
wards. 
Cost of patent for 5 years, including 

agency fee $90 

Wurtemberg. 

Patents are granted to the inventor, his as- 
signs or representatives only. Limit of term 
10 years, except under special Act of Parliament. 
The term usually granted is 5 years, although a 
prolongation up to 10 years may be obtained on 
application before expiration of half of the terra 
originally granted. A small tax is payable an- 
nually. A model is sometimes required. In- 
vention must be worked within 2 years of date 
of patent, and working not discontinued for any 
2 years subsequently. 
Cost of patent for 5 years, including agen- 
cy fee $105 

Other German States. 

In the German states of Brunswick, Lippe- 
Detmold, Lippe-Schaumburg,Reuss-Greiz, Saxe- 
Coburg-Gotha, and Schwartzburg-Sonclerhau- 
sen, patents are granted for 5 years, provided a 



12 

certified copy of previous patent (preferably 
German) be prod need. 

Cost of patent in each state, including 

agency fee $75 

In Saxe-Altenburg, Anhalt, Oldenburg, 
Reuss-Schleiz, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Weimer, 
Schwartzburg-Kudolstadt and Waldeck, pat- 
ents are granted for 5 years on production of 
certified copy of prior patent, preferably Ger- 
man. They must be worked within 12 months 
of date, although this time may sometimes be 
prolonged. 

Cost of patent in each state, including 

agency fee $75 

Turkey. 

There is no patent law, but monopolies are 
granted by a Firman of the Porte, which neces- 
sarily involves a large expenditure. 

15rita§2i Isaclia. 

Patents are granted for 14 years to the inven- 
tor, his assignee, administrator, or executor, 
only. The law is liberally framed, and protection 
well secured to inventor. India offers agoocl field 
for inventions relating to its industries. Applica- 
tion must be made within 12 months of the date 
of original patent. 

Cost of patent, including agency fee $200 

Straits Settlements. 

Patents are granted to the inventor, his exec- 
utor or administrator, for a term of 14 years. 

The term may be prolonged for another 14 
years, hut cannot continue in force after prior 
foreign patent. 



13 

Patentsobtained in India prior to April 1, 1867, 
may be extended to this colony on payment of 
a small fee. 
Cost of patent, including agency fee $250 

Ceylon. 

Patents are granted to the inventor, his heirs, 
executor, administrator, or assignee, or to the 
first importer, for 14 years. The term may be 
further prolonged for another 14 years, but can- 
not continue in force after prior foreign patent* 
Cost of patent, including agency fee $200 

Cape of Good Mope. 

Patents are granted to the inventor for 14 
years, subject to the payment of stamp duties, 
before the expiration of the 3d and 7th years. 
Cost of patent, including agency fee $200 

Xatal. 

Patents are granted to the inventor, his exec- 
utor or administrator, for a term of 14 years, 
subject to the payment of small stamp duties 
before the expiration of the 3d and 7th years. 
Cost of patent, including agency fee $200 

Mauritius. 

Patents are granted for 14 years. Invention 
must be worked within 2 year.4 of grant. 



r> J 



Cost uncertain. 

Victoria. 

Patents are granted for 14 years, subject to 
the payment of a stamp duty before the expira- 
tion of the 3d and 7th years respectively. In 
rare instances a scientific examination of the in- 
vention is ordered, the cost of which is small, 
and involves an extra charge. 
Cost of patent, including agency fee $200 



14 

New South Wales. 

Patents are granted to inventor, his agent, or 
assigns, for not exceeding 14 years. 
Cost of patent, including agency fee $250 

South Australia. 

Letters of Kegistration, affording exclusive 
right for 14 years are granted to the inventor, 
his agent or assignee. 
Cost for full term, including agency fee... $250 

Queensland, 

Patents are granted to the inventor, his agent 
or assignee, for not exceeding 14 years. 
Cost of patent for the entire term, inclu- 
ding agency fee $250 

Tasmania. 

Patents are granted to the inventor for 14 
years, conditional on the payment of stamp du- 
ties before the expiration of the 3d and 7th 
years. 
Cost of patent, including agency fee $180 

New Zealand. 

Letters Patent are granted for 14 years to 
inventors who have not previously patented their 
inventions, subject, however, to the payment of 
a tax before the expiration of the 3d year. Let- 
ters of Registration, having the same force as a 
patent, are granted to bona fide holders of 
Letters Patent or other like protection else- 
where. They exist as long as prior foreign 
patent. 
Cost of Letters of Registration for full 

term, including agency fee $180 

Jamaica. 

Patents are granted to the inventor or his as- 
signee for 14 years. This term may be pro- 
longed for 7 years. 
Cost of patent, including agency fee $400 



!5 

Trinidad. 

Patents are granted to inventors for 14 years. 
Cost, including agency fee $350 

British. Guiana. 

Patents are granted to inventors for 14 years, 
subject to the payment of a tax before the expi- 
ration of the 7th year. 
Cost of patent, including agency fee $400 

Honduras. 

Patents are granted to the inventor, his exec- 
utor or administrator, for a term of 14 years, 
subject to the payment of stamp duties before 
the expiration of the 3d and 7th j-ears. 
Cost of patent, including agency fee, 

about , $200 

Cuba. 

Patents are granted to inventors for either 5, 
10, or 15 j^ears, the shorter term being prolonga- 
ble up to the higher. Importers may obtain pat- 
ents for 5 years only. The invention must be 
worked within 1 year of date of patent and the 
working continued thereafter. 
Cost of patent for 5 years, including agen- 
cy fee \. $400 

Mexico. 

Patents are granted to inventors for 10 years. 
This term may be prolonged. N"o patents are 
granted for mere importations. Improvements 
on original inventions may be protected for 6 
years. 

Cost of patent for 10 years, including agency 
fee, is usually $350 ; but may be more in special 
cases. 

Brazil. 

Patents are granted to inventors or discover- 
ers for from 5 to 20 j T ears, and even longer, if 
invention is new and not patented elsewhere. 
The introducer of a foreign industry may re- 



16 

ceive a reward according to its merit and value. 
A thorough scientific examination of the inven- 
tion is made. Invention must be worked with- 
in 2 years, and working not discontinued for any 
2 years afterwards. 
Cost, including agency fee for 5 years $350 

Argentine Republic. 

Patents are granted for from 5 to 15 years. They 
must be worked within 2 years of grant, and 
must not remain unworked for any 2 years after- 
wards. 
Cost of patent, including agency fees.... $600 

Chili. 

Patents are granted to inventors for original 
inventions for not exceeding 10 years. Inventions 
already patented abroad may be protected for 8 
years at most, but this latter class are not favored. 
Extensions are granted in worthy cases, and 
terms exclusive of the patent grant are allowed 
in which to construct manufactories, &c, for 
working the patent. The manufacture, after 
commencement, must not be stopped for any 1 
year. A model or sample is sometimes required. 
Cost, including agency fee for patent of 

invention... $300 

Peru. 

Patents are granted for not exceeding 25 
years. There is an annual tax, the amount of 
which is uncertain. 
Cost of patent, including agency fee $300 

Colombia. 

Patents are granted for from 5 to 20 years. 
Invention must be worked within, and not dis- 
continued for the space of 1 year. The term 
for which patent is desired must be stated, and 
the taxes corresponding therewith paid on appli- 
cation. 
Cost, including agency fee, about " $350 



17 



Guatemala. 

Author or inventor only may obtain patents. 
Original inventions are protected for a term not 
exceeding- 10 years on proof of novelty, which is 
ascertained by examination of experts. Inven- 
tions patented abroad, if new, may be secured 
for not exceeding 8 years. Time is granted in 
addition to term of patent in which buildings for 
working the invention ma} 7 be constructed. A 
sample or model is required. 
Cost of patent of invention, including 

agency fee, about $350 

Managua. 

Patents are granted to inventors for 10 years, 
to improvers for 7 years, and to introducers for 
5 years. These terms may be extended to 15, 
10, and 7 years respectively. Rewards are some- 
times granted for meritorious inventions. Pat- 
ent must be worked within 2 years. 
Cost, including agency fee, about $350 

Pnillippine Islands. 

Patents are granted for from 5 k to 15 years. 
The expense is variable, but usually amounts to 
about $350, inclusive of agency fee. There is an 
annual tax, the amount of which is fixed on 
grant of patent. 

Puerto Rico. 

Patents are granted for from 5 to 15 years. 
The expense is variable, but usually amounts to 
about $350, inclusive of agency fee. There is an 
annual tax, the amount of which is fixed on 
grant of patent. 

San Jose. 

Privileges for a limited time may be obtained 
on petitioning the Constitutional Congress. 
Cost, uncertain. 



18 

San Salvador. 

There is no actual patent law, but privileges 
are granted under the constitution by the ex- 
ecutive. 

Cost, uncertain. 

Venezuela. 

The inventor or author of a discovery or in- 
vention, or his heirs, or the introducer, of any 
manufacturing process or industrial improve- 
ment, may obtain a patent, which is granted for 
not exceeding 15 years. An annual tax of one 
per cent, is levied on original cost of all build- 
ings, machinery, &c, used In the manufacture 
of the patent article. Articles necessary to the 
manufacture may be imported during the whole 
term free of duty. 

Cost of patent, including agency fee, 
about ...... ." $350 

Japan. 

Patents are granted to inventors for 7, 10, or 
15 years, according to the value of invention. 
There is a small annual tax, the amount of which 
is fixed on grant of patent. 

Cost uncertain. 



For Application for a Foreign Patent, send us 
with the fees specified* a description of the invention, 
or such instructions as will enable us to obtain such 
description from the U. JS. Patent Office. The ne- 
cessary forms and documents will then be prepared 
and forwarded for execution . 

In England, France, and some other foreign 
countries, it is important to make the application 
before the publication of a patent in the United 
States or elsewhere. 



19 

U. S. PATENTS. 

Letters Patent of the United States of Ameri- 
ca are granted for new and useful inventions and 
discoveries, and for new and ornamental designs. 
An official examination is made in each case, 
and the services of skilled and careful attorneys 
to prepare, revise, and advocate applications are 
specially important. Application must be made 
by inventor, if living. 

The term of a Patent for an invention is 17 
years. Government fees, $15 in advance, and 
$20 additional on allowance of the application. 
Agency fee in ordinary cases, $25 to 840. 

Design Patents are granted for different terms 
as elected in the application as follows : 

3J years — Government fee, in advance $10 

15 " u 4k " k - 30 

Agency fee, from $15 upward. 

Caveats afford preliminary protection. Term, 
1 year. Government fee, $10. Agencj T fee, from 
$10 upward. A Caveat can be renewed from 
year to year bj r the payment of $10 annually. 

For Preliminary Examination in the Patent 
Office as to novelty, send us a model or sketch, 
brief description and 85. 

For Caveat, send us a drawing or sketch, and 
description, with $20, on account of fees. 

For Application for Patent for a mechanical in- 
vention, machine or manufacture, send us a neat 
model, not over 12 inches long, and $15, on ac- 
count of fees. 

For Application for Patent for a process or com- 
position of matter, send $15 on account of fees, 
and full description. 

For Application for Design Patent, send $15 on 
account of fees, and a print, photograph or other 
illustration of the ornamental shape or configu- 
ration claimed as new. 



20 

For Application for Reissue, send the old letters 
patent, a statement of the defects, and 830, 
amount of Government fee. Agency fee, from 
$30 upward, including official abstract of title. 
For an investigation in the Patent Office, pre- 
liminary to Reissue, send with the letters patent 
and statement of defects, a fee of $10. 

For Registration of Trade Mark send an illus- 
tration or specimen of the mark and $25 — amount 
of Government fee* Agency fee, usually $15. 

Our agency fee is payable in each case when 
the application papers are returned to us, after 
execution. The completed application is then 
filed in the Patent Office, and its prosecution 
commences. 

Particular attention given to the prosecution 
of rejected and interfering applications. Send 
brief statement of case for estimate and instruc- 
tions. 

Special Examinations. 

For special investigation in the Patent Office, 
and legal opinion as to the general scope and 
validity of a certain patent, send a fee of $50 ; as 
to the infringement of a certain patent by the 
manufacture, sale or use of a given article or 
machine, $25 ; n^ to whether the manufacture, 
sale or use of a certain article or machine in- 
fringes any existing U. S. patent, $100 ; as to the 
state and history of an art, $200. 

Address : 

KNIGHT BROTHEKS. 

Solicitors of Patents. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




KNiairO 019 973 349 7 

U.S., CANADIAN & EUROPEAN 
Patent Agency, 

633 F STREET, 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 



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Patents secured in all Patent-granting coun- 
tries. 

Caveats prepared and filed with despatch. 

Preliminary Examinations in the U. S. 

Patent Office as to patentability, and 

Special Examinations as to the scope and 
validity or infringement of Patents, and as to 
the history and state of particular arts, made 
in a careful and thorough manner. 



Special Attention given to Reissues and to 
Interferences and oilier Contested Cases. 

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All communications strictly confidential. 

Reliable Services at Moderate Rates. 

Pamphlets of Instructions Free. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



019 973 349 7 # 




